Research and development spending

Spending on research and development by companies, universities and governments, as a share of GDP.

Research and development (R&D) spending is what a country's companies, universities, governments and non-profits spend in a year on creating new knowledge and new products, as a share of GDP. The UNESCO Institute for Statistics collects it from national surveys of research, and the World Bank republishes it. Many countries report it with a delay of two years or more.

• Education
• Research
• Innovation
• UNESCO
• Country
• Year